Which psychological approach emphasizes observable behavior?

Behavioral psychology emphasizes observable behavior as its primary focus. This approach is rooted in the belief that behavior can be scientifically studied and measured without reference to internal mental states or consciousness. Pioneers such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner argued that behavior is learned through interactions with the environment and can be shaped through reinforcement and punishment.

In behavioral psychology, the emphasis is on understanding how external stimuli influence behavior and using techniques such as conditioning to modify behaviors. This approach is particularly effective in various applications, such as behavior modification, therapy for phobias, and other psychological interventions focused on changing specific behaviors.

In contrast, humanistic psychology prioritizes individual experience and personal growth, placing importance on subjective feelings and self-actualization. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, explores mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving, often focusing on how these internal processes influence behavior. Positive psychology is centered on strengths and well-being rather than solely on modifying behaviors. Thus, behavioral psychology’s focus on observable behavior distinguishes it clearly from these other approaches.