What type of memory is primarily responsible for temporarily holding information during cognitive tasks?

Working memory is primarily responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information during cognitive tasks. It allows individuals to store and manage information over short periods of time while they are actively engaged in thinking processes. For instance, when solving complex problems or performing mental calculations, working memory facilitates the retention of relevant information, such as numbers or concepts, enabling effective processing and manipulation.

This type of memory differs from short-term memory, which can also temporarily hold information but is more limited in its capacity and function. Short-term memory typically refers to the immediate, brief retention of information without the emphasis on active manipulation. Long-term memory, on the other hand, pertains to the storage of information over extended periods, making it unsuitable for the immediate tasks reliant on working memory. Episodic memory is a specific aspect of long-term memory that involves the recall of personal experiences, which is also distinct from the temporary and dynamic nature of working memory.