What does the term "attachment" refer to in developmental psychology?

The term "attachment" in developmental psychology specifically refers to the emotional bond formed between an infant and their caregiver. This concept is fundamental in understanding how early relationships influence a child's emotional and social development. Attachment theory, developed by psychologist John Bowlby, emphasizes the importance of a secure attachment in fostering healthy self-esteem, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationships as the child matures.

The emotional bond created during these early interactions serves as a foundation for how children relate to others throughout their lives. Secure attachment, typically formed through consistent and responsive caregiving, can lead to positive outcomes, while insecure attachments due to neglect or inconsistent caregiving can lead to challenges in behavior and relationship building.

The other options represent different concepts in developmental psychology. The relationship between siblings is not focused on the caregiver-infant dynamic but rather on peer relationships. The process of socialization in early childhood encompasses broader interactions beyond the caregiver-infant attachment. Cognitive development milestones relate to intellectual growth and learning rather than the emotional bonds central to attachment theory. Thus, the focus on the emotional connection between an infant and caregiver clearly defines the concept of attachment in this context.